Abstract
Speciation of copper in the electrokinetic treatments of an industrial sludge was studied by in situ extended X-ray absorption fine structural (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near-edge structural (XANES) spectroscopies in the present work. The least-square fits (LSF) of the XANES spectra indicated that the main copper species in the sludge were Cu(NO) 3 (82%) and adsorbed copper (Cu/SiO 2) (17%). Copper in the sludge possessed a CuO bond distance of 1.97 Å with a coordination number (CN) of 3.8. In the second shells, the bond distance of Cu(O)Si was 3.03 Å with a CN of 1.5. Most of Cu/SiO 2 was dissolved in the aqueous phase since little Cu(O)Si species in the sludge was found after 180 min of the electrokinetic treatments. About 69% of total Cu(II) was dissolved into the aqueous phase and 51% of which was migrated to the cathode under the electric field (5 V cm −1) for 180 min.
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