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Abstract
The doping of polypyrrole with LiClO 4 has been studied by optical spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Pure and highly conjugated samples are characterized by the lack of absorptions below 2.5 eV in the reduced state, by a low π−π ∗ transition energy (2.88 eV in this work), and by the occurrence of well-defined peaks in cyclic voltammograms. Bipolarons seem to be the dominating species. The conflicting data in the literature concerning the polaron/bipolaron ratio is explained by its being strongly dependent on sample history and method of preparation. Polarons are regarded as playing a role mainly in systems of lower conjugation length.
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