Abstract
Positions and configurations of atoms in condensed matter are not always static. In certain classes of condensed matter, the arrangement of atoms undergoes dynamic changes in response to external stimuli such as electric, magnetic, optical, mechanical, or thermal excitations. This structural change can be beneficial, as it induces corresponding changes in the material’s physical properties. Consequently, the dynamic nature of atomic arrangements in condensed matter holds significant potential for various applications. Within the transmission electron microscopy community, extensive efforts have been dedicated to elucidating the structural dynamics in condensed matter. In this paper, we aim to review the recent progress in real-time observations of atomic structures under external stimuli, particularly in the context of ferroelectric materials.
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