Abstract
This article introduces the sintering process to chemistry students unfamiliar with the subject. The concepts are discussed and a movie is included showing the viscous flow sintering process of glass particles. Frenkel's model, which describes the viscous flow process, was applied to demonstrate its validity. Spherical soda-lime glass particles were heat treated at 750 °C in an optical microscope equipped with a hot stage. The glass sintering process was recorded using a digital camera coupled to the microscope. During sintering, the particle boundaries moved apart until the interface separating them was flat, subsequently joining to become a single particle as a result of the decrease in superficial free energy. Frenkel's model was verified for the vitrification process and for ceramic shrinkage during sintering. Two graphs indicate experimental measurements similar to those in Frenkel's model.
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