Abstract
AbstractThe interface between pioneer sessile bacteria and a supporting substrate can be probed in situ and at the molecular scale by infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection mode (ATR‐FTIR). Here, a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) of amino‐terminated alkanethiol is formed on the internal reflection element (IRE) composed of zinc selenide, and the attachment of model bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is subsequently studied. The impact of the beforehand surface preparation of the IRE on the SAM is studied on ZnSe substrates (i) cleaned by exposure to ozone/UV, (ii) acid cleaned, or (iii) coated with a thin gold film. The surface properties of the obtained substrates are analyzed by atomic force and electron microscopies, and elastic ion backscattering spectrometry. The kinetics of the formation and the organization of the formed SAMs are strongly surface dependent, as evidenced with ATR‐FTIR. Acid‐cleaned and gold‐coated IREs are the least and most favorable substrates for alkanethiol SAM formation, respectively. Regardless of differences in SAM properties, the average degree of LGG attachment is similar on all functionalized substrates. The molecular organization of LGG cells, however, is substrate‐dependent suggesting a possible effect of SAM organization on the bacteria–substrate interface.
Highlights
Biofilms are defined as communities of microorganisms embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and adherent to each other and/or a surface.[1]
We explored the possibility to monitor the first steps of biofilm formation on the functionalized zinc selenide (ZnSe) using as a model bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG)
Based on the results reported it can be argued that self-assembled monolayer (SAM) are better organized on Au/ZnSe substrates
Summary
Biofilms are defined as communities of microorganisms embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and adherent to each other and/or a surface.[1]. The latter is known to be influenced, among other things, by the surface properties of the support material.[2] In this regard, a large number of methods for detection and monitoring of bacterial adhesion on surfaces has been applied and developed.[3] Among the methods used for the detection and the monitoring of the biofilm formation, infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection mode (ATR-FTIR) is a powerful tool for the comprehensive investigation of the process of bacterial attachment and early biofilm development (up to 1–2 μm thick) This method allows detecting biomass increase on the substrate in real time and in situ, and determining the main biochemical components present in the biofilm without specific sample preparation, e.g. extraction and purification. The results of this study improve the understanding of alkanethiol selfassembly onto ZnSe and advance the potential of infrared spectroscopy in studying bacterial attachment and growth on chemically controlled surfaces
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