Abstract
Preliminary use of performance reference compounds (PRC) spiked into the silicone-membrane/γ-Fe2O3 sampler for in situ calibration has been demonstrated to improve the quantitative nature of water concentration estimates. Hydrophobic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), though they occur at significant levels in the environment, were used as PRC because of their relatively high fugacity from the silicone membrane and evidence of their isotropic exchange kinetics. In situ calibrations of silicone-membrane/γ-Fe2O3 sampler spiked with 16 PAHs and the resulting time weighted average (TWA) concentration estimates were compared with similar values of SPE extracts from grab samples. Calibration studies were successfully done and variable environmental conditions (e.g. effects of hydrodynamics and temperature) were found to affect their elimination rates from silicone-membrane/γ-Fe2O3 sampler. A significant increase of elimination rates with change of hydrodynamic conditions from static to turbulent was observed for all compounds under investigation. The technique has also been successfully applied to the detection of freshwater cyanobacterial toxins such as microcystins and cylindrospermopsin.
Highlights
In the last two and half decades, several sampling devices have been designed and used for monitoring of various environmental contaminants
The performance reference compound (PRC) concept was validated for several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in this study
The activation energies calculated using Arrhenius-type equation [7] for the uptake of microcystins and cylindrospermopsin ranged between 12 and 17 kJmol-1 and these were in line with the average of 14 kJ mol-1 calculated for offload of acenaphthene, fluorene, naphthalene, pyrene and phenanthrene
Summary
In the last two and half decades, several sampling devices have been designed and used for monitoring of various environmental contaminants. Silicone-membrane/γ-Fe2O3-nanoparticle passive sampling device was suggested to estimate cumulative aqueous exposure to cylindrospermopsin and microcystin LR-YR-RR-LY [1] This technique provides time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations that may be used for the application of regulatory monitoring programs to satisfy the requirements of legislative frameworks [2]. Environmental factors such as hydrodynamics, temperature, and the build-up of a biofilm on the sampler’s surface can affect the rate at which chemicals are sampled. These factors are site-specific and can greatly reduce the accuracy of the estimated water concentrations. Using the current models for determining PRC-derived sampling rates, a PRC can be used to calculate site specific sampling rates with increased accuracy through a range of chemical classes and log KOWS [3]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callMore From: Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
