Abstract
After the harvest of crop, the disposal of the rice stubbles remains a notable area of interest in all the growing areas of rice. The present review paper explores and highlights an effective strategy of decomposing the decomposers of the paddy stubble. Due to the increasing production of rice, there is an increase in rice crop residues and stubbles production. Conventional methods of management of paddy involve burning, surface retention, mulching, bailing, incorporation/amalgamation and direct removal. However, there are certain environmental challenges by using available agricultural implements. Thus, this current study demonstrates strategic management of the paddy crop residue for a sustainable environment. The developed eco-friendly methods will render new dimensions for the application of the post harvested residues. The review paper will be significant for sustainable management of the wastes of the paddy crop and hence strategic decomposition method, which will be beneficial for the society, farmers as well as the environment
Highlights
Background of the studyRice (Oryza sativa) is perceived to be the most pivotal staple food for a majority of the population of humans, in particular the Latin America, South Asia and East Asia, the West Indies and Middle East [1]
In order to undergo composting by the use of microbes, it is essential that the raw material has a ratio (C: N) in the range of 30 and 35 and the content of moisture is discerned to be in between 55 to 65% of the residues for ensuring microbial appropriate conditions in order to decompose and transform into organic matter from the crop residues [17]
The paper asserted that the policy, research and development in decomposition of paddy stubble can serve as a great deal to manage the crop residue
Summary
Rice (Oryza sativa) is perceived to be the most pivotal staple food for a majority of the population of humans, in particular the Latin America, South Asia and East Asia, the West Indies and Middle East [1]. Majority of the waste byproduct is the rice straw residue [3]. If residues in the field are left open without any strategically or effectively form of management, it results into the spreading of various diseases, initiating from the rice straw, for example, the stem disease thereby encouraging the pest breeding, of the rats. Burning technique is not perceived to be an effective way of dealing with the byproduct wastes, since it results negatively to the environment [5]. Burning of agricultural byproducts in the field is asserted to be an easy and cheap method for the disposal of excess paddy. The straw is disposed of through open-burning due to many problems, thereby resulting in severe problems associated with environment as well as a menace to public health. The rice straw compost is primarily applied to the fields of rice in Japan for improving soil fertility and the yield of the crop [11]
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