Abstract
The characteristic three plateau electrochemical behavior of Li3V2(PO4)3, criticized as a drawback of the electrode against its practical applications, has been surpassed through the in situ formed rhombohedral Li2NaV2(PO4)3 analogue obtained upon aging, especially when Na3V2(PO4)3 is explored as a cathode in the rechargeable lithium cell assembly. By incorporating an eco-benign and waste driven biocarbon, viz., human hair derived carbon in the cathode formulation, one can demonstrate the potential cathode behavior of the resultant Li2NaV2(PO4)3/HHC composite that exhibits superior electrochemical performance and a negligible polarization of 0.40 V upon extended cycles. Interestingly, Li2NaV2(PO4)3/HHC cathode of the present study exhibits a capacity of 109 mAh g–1 at 0.1 C for 200 cycles and tolerates as high as 20 C rate for about 5000 cycles with excellent capacity retention behavior, thus qualifying itself as a first ever strain free cathode for lithium-ion batteries.
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