Abstract
An investigation has been carried out to identify the effects of catalyst preparation on the activity, selectivity, and stability of phosphine-modified rhodium/silica catalysts (Rh/SiO2) for propene hydroformylation. High selectivity to aldehydes was achieved, without the formation of propane or butanol. Catalyst activity and selectivity was found to depend strongly on the nature and concentration of the phosphine ligands and the amount of rhodium dispersed on the silica support. Screening of different ligands showed that a bidentate xantphos (X) ligand was ∼2-fold more active than the monodentate phosphine ligand (PPh3) screened at a ligand-to-rhodium ratio of 15:1. Investigation of the effects of reaction temperature, reactant partial pressures, and phosphine-to-rhodium ratio indicates that the kinetics of propene hydroformylation over X-promoted Rh/SiO2 is nearly identical to those for sulfoxantphos-modified rhodium-containing supported ionic liquid phase (SX-Rh SILP) catalysts. In-situ FTIR and solid-...
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