Abstract
We developed a novel green approach for the in situ fabrication of Ag NPs in mesoporous TiO2 films via the bamboo self-sacrificing reduction of Ag(NH3)2+ ions, which can inhibit fungal growth on the bamboo surface. Mesoporous anatase TiO2 (MT) films were first synthesized on bamboo via a hydrothermal method. Then, Ag NPs with a 5.3 nm mean diameter were incorporated into the pore channels of optimal MT/bamboo (MTB) samples at room temperature without the addition of reducing agents, such that the Ag NPs were almost entirely embedded into the MT films. Our analysis indicated that the solubilized lignin from bamboo, which is rich in oxygen-containing functional groups, serves as a green reductant for reducing the Ag(NH3)2+ ions to Ag NPs. Antifungal experiments with Trichoderma viride under dark conditions highlighted that the antifungal activity of the Ag/MT/bamboo samples were greater than those of naked bamboo, MTB, and Ag/bamboo, suggesting that these hybrid nanomaterials produce a synergistic antifungal effect that is unrelated to photoactivity. The inhibition of Penicillium citrinum effectively followed a similar trend. This newly developed bamboo protection method may provide a sustainable, eco-friendly, and efficient method for enhancing the antifungal characteristics of traditional bamboo, having the potential to prolong the service life of bamboo materials, particularly under dark conditions.
Highlights
Bamboo is a widely used material in furniture, construction, and commodities trading owing to its renewability, easy processability, high strength-to-weight ratio, and negative carbon footprint [1]
Over 10% of the global annual bamboo output is damaged by microbiological attack, which greatly limits the usefulness of bamboo products, resulting in massive economic and bamboo resource losses [3]
The mechanism for the in situ reduction of the Ag NPs in the pore channel of the Mesoporous anatase TiO2 (MT) films was investigated. This method was conducted without the use of chemical reducing or stabilizing agents such as sodium borohydride, hydrazine hydrate, and aldehydes, and could yield a highly dispersed arrangement of small Ag NPs in the MT films. These Ag-TiO2 composite films endowed the bamboo with excellent antifungal activity; the growth of Trichoderma viride (T. viride) and Penicillium citrinum (P. citrinum) were effectively inhibited owing to a synergistic antifungal effect that was unrelated to photoactivity
Summary
Bamboo is a widely used material in furniture, construction, and commodities trading owing to its renewability, easy processability, high strength-to-weight ratio, and negative carbon footprint [1]. The mechanism for the in situ reduction of the Ag NPs in the pore channel of the MT films was investigated This method was conducted without the use of chemical reducing or stabilizing agents such as sodium borohydride, hydrazine hydrate, and aldehydes, and could yield a highly dispersed arrangement of small Ag NPs in the MT films. These Ag-TiO2 composite films endowed the bamboo with excellent antifungal activity; the growth of Trichoderma viride (T. viride) and Penicillium citrinum (P. citrinum) were effectively inhibited owing to a synergistic antifungal effect that was unrelated to photoactivity. Thhyedme egtraolupprescuinrsloigrsnciann. bTehienMTB sampslietus wreedrueciemd mtoemrseetdalinNaPns uAsgin(Ng Hva3r)i2oOusHfusnoclutiotinoanl,gwroituhpsth, esuAchg(aNs Hth3e)2h+ydiornoxsyiln, ctharebAongy(lN, aHn3d)2OH solutiaoldnebhyeidneggsrloouwpslyinrelidgunicne.dTbhey MligTnBinsaamnpdlefsowrmerienigmAmgerNsePdsiinnatnheAgp(oNreHc3)h2OanHnseolluotfioMnT, wfiiltmh tshoen the bambAogo(NsuHrf3)a2c+eio. nTshien Athge NAgP(sNrHet3a)2iOneHdsgorluetaitonmbeecihnagnsilcoawl lsytarbediluitcyedevbeynliagfnteinr athned SfocromtcihngtaApgeNtePsst,ionwing taontthifeueFthnvsuetegnrnpaogolanarlpfgetgrebcrorohipntwahednterhnitnSiewegclsooabtfsoceMfhitnwtThthaeiefpbeiliernmteettsdeshusobetl,ntyAaottnwhghteeiNnAbsgtaPMrmstooTnabgBtnohodaesnsaTsutmtiirfrOfuopa2nnlceggemsa.b.laTipthnrredioxiApn. eggFruNtbineePstgswoarefleettghanrieonthwreeedsthuAglrgwteaaNantstPmAisneMahcnhiTbdaBintTisecaidaOmlb2spymtlaetbashti.lreiitxsy.trong
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