Abstract
Aspheric astigmatic polymer micro-lenses were fabricated directly onto photonic integrated circuits using two-photon lithography. We observed a 12.6 dB improvement in the free space coupling efficiency between integrated ridge laser pairs with micro-lenses to those without.
Highlights
The integration of multiple optical components, on a monolithic substrate to form photonic integrated circuits (PICs) has long been seen as a logical progression following developments in electronics [1]
Recent progress includes the development of generic foundry processes
greater than 1700 optical functions have been demonstrated in the research laboratory
Summary
The integration of multiple optical components, on a monolithic substrate to form photonic integrated circuits (PICs) has long been seen as a logical progression following developments in electronics [1]. Large numbers of optical interconnects are required between structures and for general input / output This demand is soon expected to exceed what is currently feasible with optical fiber coupling technology, due to the limitations imposed by both, the relatively large size of single mode fibers (< 250 m), and, the cost and complexity associated with their alignment [5]. The rates of divergence in the direction normal to the plane of the device (fast axis) to that parallel to the plane (slow axis), can differ substantially when using active optical elements such as a diode laser. This results in non-ideal, elliptical beam shapes, that are not collimated, and which, for particle sensing applications, demand non-trivial analysis [9]
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