Abstract
Walnuts are commonly cultivated for their kernel, which is a rich source of antioxidant phenolic compounds. The husk likewise contains antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds, but is typically discarded without further processing. Antioxidant compounds are useful in creating active packaging films, but typically decompose at melt extrusion temperatures in polymer processing. Due to carbon dioxide's low critical point and ability to swell polymer films, supercritical carbon dioxide may be used to impregnate phenolic compounds into polymers. For this study, a novel technique is used to simultaneously produce walnut husk extracts and impregnate the extract into polymer films in the same batch extractor using supercritical carbon dioxide with a 15 wt‐% ethanol modifier at 60°C at 19.4 MPa. The effect of varying the loading of walnut husk in the extractor upon impregnation mass was evaluated with the impregnation mass of the film increasing with walnut husk loading. It was determined by FTIR, as well as the reduction of the protein cytochrome c, that antioxidant compounds may be extracted from walnut husks and impregnated into low‐density polyethylene film (LDPE) by this technique.
Highlights
In food processing, quite frequently the part of the plant that is discarded or composted after processing contains a rich variety of beneficial phytochemicals in comparison with the edible part of the plant (Guo et al, 2003)
To facilitate extraction of phenolic compounds with supercritical carbon dioxide, ethanol is commonly added as a modifier to increase the polarity of the mixture, which can be effective for extracting antioxidants from a variety of agricultural process residues such as grape pomace and walnut husks (Casas et al, 2010; Oliveira et al, 2013; Pinelo et al, 2007; Wenzel et al, 2016)
The ability of supercritical carbon dioxide with an ethanol modifier to simultaneously extract antioxidants from green walnut husk into low-density polyethylene films (LDPE) was evaluated, and the films tested for change in composition and antioxidant potential
Summary
Quite frequently the part of the plant that is discarded or composted after processing contains a rich variety of beneficial phytochemicals in comparison with the edible part of the plant (Guo et al, 2003). A potential means of protecting food from decay and diminished flavor without preservatives is to use packaging impregnated with naturally derived antioxidant compounds. This is an active area of research. To facilitate extraction of phenolic compounds with supercritical carbon dioxide, ethanol is commonly added as a modifier to increase the polarity of the mixture, which can be effective for extracting antioxidants from a variety of agricultural process residues such as grape pomace and walnut husks (Casas et al, 2010; Oliveira et al, 2013; Pinelo et al, 2007; Wenzel et al, 2016). The ability of supercritical carbon dioxide with an ethanol modifier to simultaneously extract antioxidants from green walnut husk into low-density polyethylene films (LDPE) was evaluated, and the films tested for change in composition and antioxidant potential
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