Abstract
The lifetime of electric propulsion (EP) thrusters depends particularly on the erosion characteristics of operation relevant components, for instance, the grid hole erosion of gridded ion thrusters or the channel wall erosion of Hall effect thrusters. Here two tools for in situ erosion measurements are presented, a triangular laser head for surface profiling and a telemicroscope for high-resolution optical imaging. Both can give access to radial and axial erosion parameters. The measurements can be done in situ without the need for breaking the vacuum and dismounting the thruster, which reduces thruster testing time considerably. In situ measurements can also help to ensure reproducibility of thruster performance conditions and can improve statistics of thruster characterization. The present work describes the fundamentals of both techniques in detail, selected experimental setups are presented, their performance is characterized and critically evaluated. The capabilities and limitations related to erosion measurements of EP thrusters are, exemplary, demonstrated for a gridded ion thruster RIT-22 and a Hall effect thruster SPT-100D.
Highlights
Electric propulsion (EP) thrusters have to undergo extensive testing before flying into space
The following parameters are of interest: ◦ object area to be imaged, the so-called ‘field of view’ (FOV), ◦ lateral resolution, which is related to the FOV per pixel, ◦ axial resolution, which corresponds to the depth of field (DOF), ◦ signal-to-noise ratio, which scales with light intensity on the detector, ◦ compactness, ◦ electrical connection/feedthrough, ◦ vacuum compatibility
Triangular laser head (TLH) scans during the warm-up phase were done with a firing thruster, i.e. the TLH was moved through the ion beam several times
Summary
Electric propulsion (EP) thrusters have to undergo extensive testing before flying into space. In situ erosion measurements of different EP thrusters were reported using a triangular laser head (TLH, [1, 2]) or telemicroscopes [1,2,3,4].
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