In situ electrochemical synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-cobalt oxide nanocomposite modified electrode for selective sensing of depression biomarker in the presence of ascorbic acid and dopamine

Abstract

We report the preparation of reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanocomposite by a simple in situ electrochemical approach and its application towards the trace level selective determination of serotonin in the presence of ascorbic acid and dopamine. Simultaneous electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) to RGO and electrodeposition of Co3O4 has been achieved onto the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. Raman and XRD studies confirmed the presence of RGO/Co3O4 nanocomposite formation. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image shows that the presence of Co3O4 nanoflakes over the entire surface of wrinkled thin graphene nanosheets. The electro-oxidation of serotonin has been assessed by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in physiological pH conditions. Interestingly, the oxidation peak current (Ip) of serotonin at GCE/RGO/Co3O4 is 4.1 fold higher than that observed at GCE/RGO and 2.4 fold higher than that observed at GCE/Co3O4 modified electrode. A DPV serotonin sensor with a very low detection limit of 48.7nM and a high sensitivity of 2.2mA mM−1cm−2 has been demonstrated using the as prepared GCE/RGO/Co3O4 modified electrode. A comparison of the sensor performance with previous literature clearly shows the superior performance of the fabricated sensor. In addition, the fabricated sensors detect serotonin in vitro directly from diluted blood serum samples.