Abstract
In this work, we present a grazing incidence X-ray diffraction study of the surface of a 0.24Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) [011] poled rhombohedral single crystal. The near surface microstructure (the top several tens to hundreds of unit cells) was measured in situ under an applied electric field. The strains calculated from the change in lattice parameters have been compared to the macroscopic strain measured with a strain gauge affixed to the sample surface. The depth dependence of the electrostrain at the crystal surface was investigated as a function of temperature. The analysis revealed hidden sweet spots featuring unusually high strains that were observed as a function of depth, temperature and orientation of the lattice planes.
Highlights
Relaxor ferroelectric single crystals are widely used as transduction materials, due to extremely high piezoelectric coefficients dij several times larger than those of commercial lead Pb[Zrx Ti1−x ]O3(PZT) ceramics
We present the in situ electric field dependence of grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction results of a single crystal of 0.24PIN-PMN-PT, which demonstrate the non-uniformity of the effective piezoelectric coefficient near the surface
For results from relaxor PMN-PT ceramics and crystals showed that the dielectric and piezoelectric instance, results from relaxor PMN-PT ceramics and crystals showed that the dielectric and properties were correlated with their domain size [24]
Summary
Relaxor ferroelectric single crystals are widely used as transduction materials, due to extremely high piezoelectric coefficients dij several times larger than those of commercial lead Pb[Zrx Ti1−x ]O3. (c) a gradient in the stoichiometry (such as oxygen or cation); (d) the effect of symmetry breaking at effect of residual stresses present at the surface which would depend on the nature of the atomic the surface; or (e) some combination of these factors This information is clearly very important for bonding and, crystallographic orientation and surface preparation such as polishing, grinding users of relaxor materials for MEMs or magnetoelectric composite applications, where the relevant or annealing; (b) a change in response at a free surface impacted by domain configurations; (c) a length scale is commensurate to that of the skin effect, and would play a primary role in actual gradient in the stoichiometry (such as oxygen or cation); (d) the effect of symmetry breaking at the device performance [22].
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