Abstract
A new and efficient catalyst has been designed and prepared via in situ immobilization of Au NPs fabricated polydopamine (PDA)-shelled Fe3O4 nanoparticle anchored over graphene oxide (GO) (GO/Fe3O4@PDA/Au). This novel, architecturally interesting magnetic nanocomposite was fully characterized using different analytical techniques such as Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, elemental mapping, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Electron Spectroscopy. Catalytic activity of this material was successfully explored in the reduction of nitroarenes to their corresponding substituted anilines, using NaBH4 as reducing agent at ambient conditions. The most significant merits for this protocol were smooth and clean catalysis at room temperature with excellent productivity, sustainable conditions, ease of separation of catalyst from the reaction mixture by using a magnetic bar and most importantly reusability of the catalyst at least 8 times without any pre-activation, minimum loss of activity and considerable leaching.
Highlights
Utilization of engineered and appropriately designed heterogeneous catalysts has attracted much attention and stirred up the interest in synthetic organic chemists
In its oxidized form, so called graphene oxide (GO), contains large number of diverse oxygenated functional groups like –OH, –COOH, carbonyl and epoxy on its surface which facilitates the immobilization of different organo-funationalities and metal nanoparticles (MNP) towards the modified solid acid n anocomposites[39,40]
PDA organizes a suitable polar environment to anchor Au(III) ions over them and reduces to metallic Au NPs promoted by its active catechol and amine functionalities
Summary
Utilization of engineered and appropriately designed heterogeneous catalysts has attracted much attention and stirred up the interest in synthetic organic chemists. The nanometric size, higher surface to volume ratio augments their catalytic activity tremendously due to increase in the surface atoms[18,19,20,21] In this regard, use of nano ferrites (Fe3O4) has opened a new gateway to synthetic organic chemists. Use of nano ferrites (Fe3O4) has opened a new gateway to synthetic organic chemists It contains large number of hydroxy groups for further organo-functionalizations in order to shape it as a core–shell moiety. In material science graphene is considered as a remarkable member with a single atom distance across and a densely packed two-dimensional honeycomb like matrix[32] It brings in several unique properties like high thermal and mechanical stability, exceptional electrical conductivity within credibly large surface area and adsorption ability. The synergistic effects of the MNP and GO sheet adjoin several extraordinary features to these novel architectured materials undoubtedly could be considered as one of the marvelous effective catalysts of future[41]
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