Abstract
In situ-based gel drug delivery systems that can bypass the blood-brain barrier, deliver the therapeutics to the desired site, reduce peripheral toxicity and control drug release kinetics have been developed. Some of the therapeutics used to treat neurological diseases suffer from poor bioavailability. Preclinical reports from several researchers have proven that the delivery of drugs to the brain via the nose-to-brain route using in situ gels holds great promise. However, safety issues on the toxicity of the nasal mucosa, transportation of the drugs to specific brain regions and determination of the required dose are factors that must be considered when designing these gels. This review will be focused on in situ-based gels that are used for the delivery of therapeutics via the nose-to-brain route, preclinical reports and challenges.
Highlights
Neurological diseases affect the peripheral and central nervous system
The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease, which contributes to 70% of the cases
The treatment of neurological diseases includes the administration of the therapeutics topically, orally and intravenously and the use of device-based therapies such as deep brain stimulation, surgeries and rehabilitation [8]
Summary
Neurological diseases affect the peripheral and central nervous system. These include the peripheral nerves, spinal cord, brain, cranial nerves, nerve roots, neuromuscular junction, muscles, etc. [1]. In order to overcome the aforementioned limitations, gel-based drug delivery systems that can be administered via nose-to-brain routes have been developed This approach is non-invasive, enhances drug absorption with less systemic adverse effects and bypasses BBB (blood-brain barrier). This approach has challenges such as the inability to know the accurate dose of drug to be administered and naso-mucosal irritation resulting from preservatives, additives and active ingredients added to the formulation that can cause loss of epithelial cell, shrinkage of the mucosal layer and loss of the ciliary layer [12]. This review will be focused on the gel-based drug delivery systems that are used for the delivery of therapeutics via the nose-to-brain route, preclinical reports and challenges
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