Abstract
Rich amount of phenolic compounds are available in Trianthema portulacastrum L. (TP) leaves and are traditionally utilized as a wound dressing material. Oxidative stress and inflammation affect the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by modulating the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK) activity subjected to delay in wound healing. The objective of the current study was to explore the wound healing effect of ferric oxide nanoparticles biosynthesized with fractionated TP extract (FeTP). The ability of TP active components (polyphenols) to inhibit the GSK was explored by using molecular docking studies. FeTP were synthesized, characterized, utilized to prepare an ointment and its efficacy was investigated against full-thickness dermal wounds. Different wound healing parameters, level of enzymatic antioxidants, hydroxyproline content and tissue cytokines level were analyzed. Histopathology was performed to confirm the healing by newly formed tissue architecture. Rats treated with FeTP showed significantly swift healing with faster wound contraction rate, high tensile strength and hydroxyproline content along with the utilization of less time for epithelialization. Histopathological study also validated the potential wound healing effect of FeTP with complete re-epithelialization. The results of the present study cumulatively revealed that the green synthesized FeTP ointment approach may serve as a potential tool for dermal wound healing.
Highlights
Skin is the largest protective barrier of the body, which provides primary protection from the environment
We have reported that butanol fraction of Trianthema portulacastrum L. (TP) hydroethanolic extract was found to be rich in phenolic compounds such as protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid, which was individually quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis (Yadav et al, 2017)
Docking score analysis revealed that chlorogenic acid exhibited maximum negative binding score among all the ligands, which indicates its highest binding affinity toward glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK) followed by ferulic acid, caffeic acid and protocatechuic acid (Table 1). 3D and 2D analysis of ligand and GSK
Summary
Skin is the largest protective barrier of the body, which provides primary protection from the environment. E. glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK) (Vidya et al, 2012) It promotes the proliferative phase characterized by initiation of re-epithelialization of wound area with the formation of eschar. In this phase, deposition of cytoplasmic β-catenin takes place which causes the matrix metalloproteinase gene transcriptions leading to angiogenesis, accumulation of extracellular matrix, different cellular components formation and proliferation including fibroblasts and keratinocytes (Cheon et al, 2004; Kulac et al, 2013). The maturation and remodeling phase direct complete re-epithelialization of epidermis to recuperate the function of protective barrier During this phase, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) protein is attributed to complete wound healing via proliferation of fibroblast, angiogenesis, collagen organization and remodeling of extracellular matrix (Wang et al, 2006). Since delay in wound healing is attributed to an increased level of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines which further cause reduction in growth factors and cellular signaling activities, strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity bearing agent could serve the need (Mohanty et al, 2012; Jere et al, 2019)
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