Abstract
Purpose: The aim was to model the effects of exposure to a low or intermediate frequency electromagnetic field (LIF-EMF), characterized by the electric field induced in the body, in order to evaluate how the type of insulin needle and the way it is injected influences the exposed user of a wearable insulin pump.Material and methods: Numerical models of exposure scenarios (sources of LIF-EMF, with a dominant magnetic component: 50Hz–1MHz; the insulin needle type; the way it is injected and insulin pump user) were worked out. The influence of the insulin needle on the user’s safety (the ratio of the induced electric field in tissues surrounding the needle and tissues of a person without an injection, both exposed identically) were calculated.Results: The effects of LIF-EMF exposure in insulin pump users were found to be up to approximately 7-times higher, varying with statistically significance (p < .05) with the material of the needle, the way it is injected and the polarization of the affecting magnetic field.Conclusions: When steel insulin needles is used, the assessment of user’s EMF exposure should be carried out using magnetic field limits at least 5-times lower than given in general international requirements.
Published Version
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