In-silico investigation of E8 surface protein of the monkeypox virus to identify potential therapeutic agents

Abstract

The re-emergence of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) in 2022 has become a global issue. The virus was first found in Denmark in 1958. The first human MPXV disease was reported in 1980 in Congo, caused by a rare zoonotic virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus and the family Poxviridae. Like SARS-CoV, there are no specific drugs to treat this infection. Taking cues from the successful implementation of drug repositioning for the Covid-19 pandemic using in silico drug discovery. We employed structure-based drug design in the study to repurpose the existing drug and natural product derivatives libraries against MPXV. The E8 protein was chosen as a therapeutic target because it is a surface membrane protein involved in viral entry and adhesion to the host cell surface membrane. Our study was bifurcated into the following steps; determining and analyzing the structure of the E8, followed by structure-based virtual screening of different datasets (natural products obtained from bacteria and fungi and FDA-approved drugs) to identify the hits. Based on the best binding affinities and protein-ligand interactions, we further proceeded for molecular dynamic (MD) studies of the identified hits, which revealed Gabosine D (docking score = −8.469 kcal/mol, MM/GBSA dG bind = −41.6729 kcal/mol) and Edoxudine (docking score = −6.372 kcal/mol, MM/GBSA dG bind = −35.8291 kcal/mol) as the best lead molecules. MD simulation for 100 ns was performed in triplicate, and post MM/GBSA analysis was conducted, which proves the stability of the identified leads. In addition, their ADME profiles also confirmed their suitability as therapeutic options for the treatment of monkeypox. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma