In silico identification of components of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway in clustered chicken expressed sequence tags (ESTs)

Abstract

We have described a bioinformatic approach that involves the clustering of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) to reveal homologs of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway in the chicken. Homology searching of proteins, predicted to be encoded by these EST clusters, resulted in the in silico identification of full-length sequences for Toll-interacting protein (Tollip), IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 adapter-like (Mal), TGFβ-activated kinase 1 binding protein 1 (TAB1). We also determined partial sequence information for myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), two novel TLRs, TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), TAB2, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase α (IKKα) and IKKβ. This bioinformatics study has confirmed the evolutionary conservation of the TLR pathway in chicken and demonstrated its essential homology to the TLR pathway in mammals. We have identified in silico the full-length sequence for liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2). This is the first time a non-mammalian LEAP-2 has been described.