Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa harbours virulence and antibiotic resistance genes that contribute to life-threatening infections. In silico PCR amplification detected both virulence and antibiotic resistance genes of eighteen Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. L lipoprotein (oprL) gene was found in 72.22% of the isolates and is used usually to rapidly identify Pseudomonas aeruginosa species. Alkaline protease (apr) was detected in 66.67% of the isolates. Protein biosynthesis inhibited by exotoxin A (exoA), was found in 55.56% of the isolates. Fifty percent (n=9) of the isolates had the exoenzyme S (exoS) and elastase (lasB) genes. Thirteen isolates (72.22%) which harboured the phospholipid C (plcH) genes, were also found to be positive for rhamnolipid AB (rhlAB) genes. Thirteen isolates (72.22%) were found to possess alginate (algD) and neuraminidae (nan2) genes, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA7 harboured both aph(3) and aph(6)-1d genes. Only sulfonamide resistance gene, sul1 was present in 11.11% (n=2) of the isolates. Beta-lactamase gene, blaTEM was present in only one isolate and no tetracycline resistance gene was found. Fluoroquinolone resistance-determining region of the gyrA and parC genes were present in fourteen (77.78%) and thirteen (72.22%) isolates, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCGM2.S1 is a multidrug resistant bacterium since it harboured class 1 integrase gene. In silico pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis was able to group eighteen isolates into three genotypes. Gene distribution pattern within genotypes was almost similar and not dependent on genotypes. The data generated here helps to predict virulence and antibiotic resistance profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosaspecies based on genotype.
Highlights
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that infects virtually all tissues. Fegan et al (1990) reported that P. aeruginosa is colonized on respiratory tract and contributed to cystic fibrosis infection. Yetkin et al (2006) reported that P. aeruginosa is responsible for nosocomial infection and affects patients in intensive care units. Pollack (2000) stated that immunocompromised cancer patients, burn patients and catheterized patients suffer from serious infections that are caused by P. aeruginosa. Trautner and Darouiche (2004) reported that biofilms developed by P. aeruginosa are attached to the site of infection and caused chronic and recurrent infections
L lipoprotein gene was found in 72.22% of the isolates and is used usually to rapidly identify Pseudomonas aeruginosa species
Protein biosynthesis inhibited by exotoxin A, was found in 55.56% of the isolates
Summary
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that infects virtually all tissues. Fegan et al (1990) reported that P. aeruginosa is colonized on respiratory tract and contributed to cystic fibrosis infection. Yetkin et al (2006) reported that P. aeruginosa is responsible for nosocomial infection and affects patients in intensive care units. Pollack (2000) stated that immunocompromised cancer patients, burn patients and catheterized patients suffer from serious infections that are caused by P. aeruginosa. Trautner and Darouiche (2004) reported that biofilms developed by P. aeruginosa are attached to the site of infection and caused chronic and recurrent infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that infects virtually all tissues. Yetkin et al (2006) reported that P. aeruginosa is responsible for nosocomial infection and affects patients in intensive care units. Pollack (2000) stated that immunocompromised cancer patients, burn patients and catheterized patients suffer from serious infections that are caused by P. aeruginosa. Van Delden and Iglewski (1998) stated that virulence properties of P. aeruginosa are tightly regulated by cell to cell signaling systems. Virulence factors of P. aeruginosa are divided into specific groups such as adhesins or other secreted exotoxins. Bradbury et al (2010) stated that previous studies have found the association of virulence factors with different diseases Virulence factors of P. aeruginosa are divided into specific groups such as adhesins or other secreted exotoxins. Bradbury et al (2010) reported that type I (TISS), type II (T2SS) or type III (T3SS) secretion system actively secreted exotoxins. Bradbury et al (2010) stated that previous studies have found the association of virulence factors with different diseases
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