In Silico and Transcription Analysis of Trehalose-6-phosphate Phosphatase Gene Family of Wheat: Trehalose Synthesis Genes Contribute to Salinity, Drought Stress and Leaf Senescence.

Md Ashraful Islam,Ashim Sikdar,Md Mizanor Rahman,Md Mustafizur Rahman,Xiujuan Jin,Kai Zhao,Hafeez Noor,Daizhen Sun,Lili Sun,Wenjun Zhang,Shuguang Wang,Jong-Seong Jeon

doi:10.3390/genes12111652

Md Ashraful Islam, Ashim Sikdar + Show 10 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12111652

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Abstract

Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) genes take part in trehalose metabolism and also in stress tolerance, which has been well documented in many species but poorly understood in wheat. The present research has identified a family of 31 TPP genes in Triticum aestivum L. through homology searches and classified them into five clades by phylogenetic tree analysis, providing evidence of an evolutionary status with Hordeum vulgare, Brachypodium distachyon and Oryza sativa. The exon-intron distribution revealed a discrete evolutionary history and projected possible gene duplication occurrences. Furthermore, different computational approaches were used to analyze the physical and chemical properties, conserved domains and motifs, subcellular and chromosomal localization, and three-dimensional (3-D) protein structures. Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) analysis predicted that TaTPP promoters consist of CREs related to plant growth and development, hormones, and stress. Transcriptional analysis revealed that the transcription levels of TaTPPs were variable in different developmental stages and organs. In addition, qRT-PCR analysis showed that different TaTPPs were induced under salt and drought stresses and during leaf senescence. Therefore, the findings of the present study give fundamental genomic information and possible biological functions of the TaTPP gene family in wheat and will provide the path for a better understanding of TaTPPs involvement in wheat developmental processes, stress tolerance, and leaf senescence.

Highlights

Cereals are the single most significant part of the diet for the majority of the global population, with about 60% to 80% of carbohydrates coming straightly from them in developing and under-developing nations, respectively [1]
We identified a total of 31 Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) protein sequences in the wheat genome (Tables 1 and S2)
These protein sequences were encoded by 31 genes, three of which were chosen as representatives because they showed splice variants with full domains

Summary

Introduction

Cereals are the single most significant part of the diet for the majority of the global population, with about 60% to 80% of carbohydrates coming straightly from them in developing and under-developing nations, respectively [1]. The major abiotic stresses that decrease wheat productivity throughout the growing period include water shortages, high temperatures, and salinity [4]. Salinity is a major barrier to crop production, especially in wheat, resulting in a yield loss of 65% in moderately saline soils, by influencing nearly every stage of plant growth and development, including germination, vegetative growth, and reproductive growth [5,6]. This abiotic stress condition results in a decrease in yield related traits that directly affect the yield of cereal crops. One of the most significant tasks for plant breeders is to uncover the genes associated with abiotic stress responses and to cultivate genetically engineered varieties with improved stress tolerance [7,8]

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