In silico analysis of trisindoline 1 as tyrosinase inhibitors

Abstract

Hyperpigmentation is darkening condition in the skin area due to excessive melanin production. This condition interferes with skin aesthetics and can increase the production of reactive oxygen species which can cause skin damage. The widely targeted approach to treat hyperpigmentation is inhibition of tyrosinase. Trisindoline is a compound synthesized from the marine sponge Hyrtios altum and has high bioactivity potential. Trisindoline itself has been shown in vitro to inhibit tyrosinase. Thus, trisindoline was synthesized into four derivatives, one of which was trisindoline 1 with the addition of a nitro group. This paper aims to determine the potency of trisindoline 1 as tyrosinase inhibitors and then compared with commercial tyrosinase inhibitors, kojic acid and arbutin, in silico. In silico analysis was carried out by molecular docking of trisindoline 1 to tyrosinase using AutoDock Vina. Kojic acid was used as the native ligand and arbutin as the control ligand. Visualization of molecular docking results using BIOVIA Discovery Studio. The binding affinity score obtained indicates that trisindoline 1 has the lowest binding score. It is -9.2 kcal/mol to the tyrosinase enzyme. These results indicate that trisindoline 1 has the potential as a candidate for anti-hyperpigmentation agents through the mechanism of tyrosinase inhibitors.