In-Silico Analysis of Heart and Neural Crest Derivatives (HAND) Subclass Basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) Transcription Factor in Cardiogenesis

Abstract

Background: The HANDs are muscle-specific bHLH TFs crucial for proper cardiac and extra-embryonic development. The eHAND and dHAND functioned in developing ventricular chambers (right and left ventricle), aortic arch arteries, cardiac neural crest, endocardium and epicardium. The down-regulated response of the eHAND and dHAND genes reflects permissiveness. A recent report suggested that cardiac hypertrophy intimate eHAND corresponds to cardiomyopathy and dHAND in the atrium. Those reports supported the cardiac muscles may re-initiate a fetal gene result and initiate physiological changes, which allow the heart to recompense. Objective: In this study, the objective is an investigation of the HAND subclass bHLH transcription factors in mammals. I like to classify the bHLH TFs and discuss the genetic evidence of both eHAND and dHAND genes in cardiogenesis. So, perform bioinformatics and computational tools and techniques to the current knowledge of the HAND subclass bHLH transcription factor in the mammalian genome. This application may be valuable for future functional analysis of particular TFs in different organisms. Results: The observation data demonstrated that the heart and neural crest derivative transcription factors are present in mammals. The two mammalian genomes' likelihood of Homo sapiens and Mus musculus perform for comparative analysis. Analysis data suggested the eHAND and dHAND genes and a total number of bHLH domains in Homo sapiens and Mus musculus. Also, the conserved domain, motifs, phylogeny, gene expression and chromosome location analysis demonstrated the heart and neural crest derivative factors associated with cardiogenesis. Conclusion: Over the last decades, a wealth of new reports has been composed of unique genetic and phenotypic characteristics of cardiac morphogenesis. The mutational analysis of the eHAND and dHAND transcription factors enabled precise resolution of specialized function during the developing myocardium. Also, analysis data concluded the muscle-specific transcription factors eHAND and dHAND are associated with cardiac disease and development. In contrast, the tissue-specific bHLH and other TFs lead to the development of myogenesis and vasculogenesis.