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Abstract
BackgroundThe S100 protein family comprises 22 members whose protein sequences encompass at least one EF-hand Ca2+ binding motif. They were involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. However, the expression status of S100 family members in gastric cancer was not known yet.MethodsCombined with analysis of series analysis of gene expression, virtual Northern blot and microarray data, the expression levels of S100 family members in normal and malignant stomach tissues were systematically investigated. The expression of S100A3 was further evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR.ResultsAt least 5 S100 genes were found to be upregulated in gastric cance by in silico analysis. Among them, four genes, including S100A2, S100A4, S100A7 and S100A10, were reported to overexpressed in gastric cancer previously. The expression of S100A3 in eighty patients of gastric cancer was further examined. The results showed that the mean expression levels of S100A3 in gastric cancer tissues were 2.5 times as high as in adjacent non-tumorous tissues. S100A3 expression was correlated with tumor differentiation and TNM (Tumor-Node-Metastasis) stage of gastric cancer, which was relatively highly expressed in poorly differentiated and advanced gastric cancer tissues (P < 0.05).ConclusionTo our knowledge this is the first report of systematic evaluation of S100 gene expressions in gastric cancers by multiple in silico analysis. The results indicated that overexpression of S100 gene family members were characteristics of gastric cancers and S100A3 might play important roles in differentiation and progression of gastric cancer.
Highlights
The S100 protein family comprises 22 members whose protein sequences encompass at least one EF-hand Ca2+ binding motif
The reliable tags of 20 S100 genes were extracted from SAGEmap website and used to search the Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) data. 10 genes were found to be highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues according to the setting criteria of >3-fold difference (Table 1)
The other 8 genes, including S100A2, S100A3, S100A4, S100A7, S100A8, S100A9, S100A12 and S100A16, had different average density ranging from 2.8 tpm to 637.0 tpm, none of which were expressed in normal gastric mucosa tissues
Summary
The S100 protein family comprises 22 members whose protein sequences encompass at least one EF-hand Ca2+ binding motif. They were involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. BMC Cancer 2008, 8:261 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/8/261 identified genes are useful in understanding the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and defining its molecular signature. They can serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis and targets for drug development. Large-scale gene expression analyses have emerged as important tools for screening genes related to cancer [3]. Previous applications of data mining using CGAP and GEO resource have led to the identification of several novel or known cancer-related genes [6,7]
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