Abstract
Elite soccer teams that participate in European competitions need to have players in the best physical and psychological status possible to play matches. As a consequence of congestive schedule, controlling the training load (TL) and thus the level of effort and fatigue of players to reach higher performances during the matches is therefore critical. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to provide the first report of seasonal internal and external training load that included Hooper Index (HI) scores in elite soccer players during an in-season period. Nineteen elite soccer players were sampled, using global position system to collect total distance, high-speed distance (HSD) and average speed (AvS). It was also collected session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and HI scores during the daily training sessions throughout the 2015–2016 in-season period. Data were analysed across ten mesocycles (M: 1 to 10) and collected according to the number of days prior to a one-match week. Total daily distance covered was higher at the start (M1 and M3) compared to the final mesocycle (M10) of the season. M1 (5589m) reached a greater distance than M5 (4473m) (ES = 9.33 [12.70, 5.95]) and M10 (4545m) (ES = 9.84 [13.39, 6.29]). M3 (5691m) reached a greater distance than M5 (ES = 9.07 [12.36, 5.78]), M7 (ES = 6.13 [8.48, 3.79]) and M10 (ES = 9.37 [12.76, 5.98]). High-speed running distance was greater in M1 (227m), than M5 (92m) (ES = 27.95 [37.68, 18.22]) and M10 (138m) (ES = 8.46 [11.55, 5.37]). Interestingly, the s-RPE response was higher in M1 (331au) in comparison to the last mesocycle (M10, 239au). HI showed minor variations across mesocycles and in days prior to the match. Every day prior to a match, all internal and external TL variables expressed significant lower values to other days prior to a match (p<0.01). In general, there were no differences between player positions.Conclusions: Our results reveal that despite the existence of some significant differences between mesocycles, there were minor changes across the in-season period for the internal and external TL variables used. Furthermore, it was observed that MD-1 presented a reduction of external TL (regardless of mesocycle) while internal TL variables did not have the same record during in-season match-day-minus.
Highlights
The knowledge of internal and external training load (TL) helps coaches to prevent increased levels of fatigue, and higher risk of illness and injury [1]
Malone et al [4] found that a lowering of TL in the last training day immediately before any given match differed from the other training days on several internal and external TL load variables such as session rated perceived exertion (s-RPE), plus total distance and average speed, respectively
In-season internal and external training load quantification of an elite European soccer team mesocycles (Fig 1). These results suggest that the wide defenders (WD) (212.7m) and wide midfielders (WM) (186,8m) positions resulted in higher effort (>19km/h) during training when compared to all other positions (CD = 112.2, central midfielders (CM) = 164.1, ST = 116.1m)
Summary
The knowledge of internal and external training load (TL) helps coaches to prevent increased levels of fatigue, and higher risk of illness and injury [1]. It helps coaches to design an effective individual and group training periodization in elite team sports [2,3,4,5,6,7]. It is only recently that some studies have described the in-season training periodization practices of elite football teams in more detail, including a comparison of training days within weekly microcycles [4, 7,8,9]. Malone et al [4] found that a lowering of TL in the last training day immediately before any given match differed from the other training days on several internal and external TL load variables such as session rated perceived exertion (s-RPE), plus total distance and average speed, respectively. Some studies have shown limited variation through the in-season and have suggested that training in elite soccer has a regular load pattern [4, 5, 10, 11]
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