In search of zonal circulations in the equatorial Atlantic sector from the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis

Abstract

AbstractThe National Center for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) 1958–1997 upper‐air dataset has been evaluated for evidence of equatorial zonal circulation cells over the Atlantic and adjacent continents. For January, April, July and October, maps are presented of mid‐tropospheric vertical motion, upper‐tropospheric divergent flow, and zonal–vertical cross‐sections of vertical and divergent zonal motion and total zonal flow. In the boreal winter half‐year, a centre of intense ascending motion and upper‐tropospheric, mainly northward‐directed outflow is located off the mouth of the Amazon. From this centre there is also some outflow into centres of upper‐tropospheric convergence and subsidence over the equatorial eastern Pacific and eastern Atlantic, respectively. From January to April, the near‐equatorial band of ascending motion shifts southward, and the upper‐tropospheric convergence centre is displaced from the Equator into the South Atlantic. In the boreal summer half‐year, the band of strongest ascending motion is displaced northward, and two separate centres of upper‐tropospheric divergent outflow are found over northern hemispheric Africa and the Central American Seas. From these centres, the outflow is directed approximately southward into the southern hemisphere. The analysis points to the existence of an equatorial zonal circulation cell in the Atlantic sector confined to around January. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society