In Search of High-Yielding and Single-Compound-Yielding Plants: New Sources of Pharmaceutically Important Saponins from the Primulaceae Family.

Abstract

So far, only a few primrose species have been analyzed regarding their saponin composition and content. Moreover, the roots of only two of them are defined by the European Union (EU) Pharmacopoeia monograph and commercially utilized by the pharmaceutical industry. Thus, this study intended to find some new sources of main triterpene saponins from Primulae radix, namely primulasaponins I and II together with the closely related sakurasosaponin. Using isolated standards, UHPLC-ESI-HRMS served to assess over 155 Primulaceae members qualitatively and quantitatively. Nine examples of plants accumulating over 5% of primulasaponin I in their roots were found. Among them, in one case, it was found as the almost sole secondary metabolite with the concentration of 15–20% (Primula grandis L.). A reasonable content of primulasaponin II was found to be typical for Primula vulgaris Huds. and P. megaseifolia Boiss. & Bal. The sakurasosaponin level was found in seven species to exceed 5%. The finding of new, single and rich sources of the abovementioned biomolecules among species that were never analyzed phytochemically is important for future research and economic benefit. The chemotaxonomic significance of the occurrence of these three saponins in Primulaceae is discussed.