Abstract
<p><span lang="EN-US">Based on prior research findings with pentacyclic triterpenoids, it was hypothesized that (un)-substituted benzylamides would exhibit enhanced cytotoxic activity compared to parent abietic acid. Conversely, none of these compounds was cytotoxic, but (homo)-piperazinyl amides demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity across multiple cell lines, even at concentrations as low single-digit micromolar levels. Additional staining experiments revealed that the most potent compound (with an EC<sub>50</sub> value of 2.8 </span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span lang="EN-US">M for HT29 colon carcinoma cells) primarily induced apoptosis rather than necrosis. </span> </p>
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