Abstract
Plant regeneration using the genetic transformation method often induces somatic mutation as well as epigenetic alteration. In addition, methods commonly used for grapevine (Vitis vinifera L) transformations are time-consuming due to the long reproductive cycle of the grapevine. Therefore, an improved method is needed for more efficient grapevine transformation. Five transformants (three for Chardonnay and two for Cabernet Sauvignon) were obtained by inoculation of dormant buds on cuttings with Agrobacterium tumefaciens harbouring a pBI121 binary vector. All of the transformants expressed β-glucuronidase (GUS) transcripts constitutively in all expanding leaves from the Agrobacterium-inoculated buds. Histochemical analysis showed that the transformants expressed GUS in the vascular bundle system. We demonstrate an alternative in planta transformation method for grapevines using dormant buds. Genetically modified grapevines could be obtained simply and rapidly with this method. In addition, this method avoids the tissue culture step that can cause somatic mutations, suggesting that the biological and physiological functions of transgene products could be accurately estimated in transgenic grapevines created by this new method.
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