Abstract
The sub-microscopic fracture processes of carbon/epoxy [0/90] laminates are analysed experimentally and numerically. The single edge notch (SEN) specimens are loaded to several levels of KI, and the 3-dimensional crack growth behavior is investigated by using X-ray radiography. The 3-dimensional stress distribution in [0/90] laminates is calculated by the finite element method (FEM), and crack front singularities are measured by using the 3-dimensional j-integral. Before the applied load reaches KC, it is observed that sub-cracks propagate parallel to fiber direction in each ply, but the finite element analysis of crack propagation represents the fact that the effects of the sub-crack growth on the stress of fiber direction ahead of the initial crack tip is not remarkable. Kcf and Kcm, which represent the fracture toughness values of fiber breaking and matrix cracking respectively, are obtained by the 3-dimensional FEM, and it is concluded that the fracture toughness KC of [0/90] laminates can be evaluated well from Kcf and Kcm.
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