Abstract
Long-standing distinctions, both legal and diplomatic, between established sovereign states and other international actors seem to be increasingly blurred by changing practices in international relations. Sub-national island jurisdictions (SNIJs) are among the less recognized players in conventional international relations, despite the fact that many of them are now particularly active in external representation, engaging in unexpected external relations, and acquiring means to enhance their regional and even global presence. This paper reviews the nature, emergence, purpose and activity of contemporary para-diplomacy, as it is played out by small, often island, jurisdictions, and invites an appreciation of the continued currency of sovereignty.
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