In-office tooth bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide promotes moderate/severe pulp inflammation and production of ll-1β, TNF-β, GPX, FGF-2 and osteocalcin in rats.

Renata Suellen Galvão Da Silva-Costa,Raimundo Fernandes De Araújo Júnior,Andressa Eveline De Lima Ribeiro,Aurigena Antunes De Araújo,Boniek Castillo Dutra Borges,Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra,Isauremi Vieira De Assunção

doi:10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0367

Renata Suellen Galvão Da Silva-Costa, Raimundo Fernandes De Araújo Júnior + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0367

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Abstract

Objectives:To study the intensity of inflammatory infiltrate and production of interleukin-1β (ll-1β), tumor necrosis factor-β (TNF-β), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and osteocalcin in response to in-office tooth bleaching in rats.Material and Methods:Twenty male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups (n=5) according to the received treatment (tooth bleaching or no treatment - control) and the period of euthanasia after treatment (24 h or 10 days). We performed tooth bleaching using a 38% hydrogen peroxide gel on maxillary and mandibular incisors. After euthanasia, incisors (20 per group) were processed for histological analysis, immunohistochemistry staining of ll-1β, TNF-β, FGF-2 and GPX and osteocalcin by immunofluorescence. We analyzed data using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests (p<0.05).Results:The bleached groups presented statistically significant differences regarding the pulp inflammation stage compared with the control groups. Bleached teeth showed moderate/severe inflammatory infiltrate and control groups presented absent inflammatory cells or a negligible number of mononuclear cells (p<0.001) at two times (24 h and 10 days). There was strong staining for ll-1β, TNF-β, and GPX in bleached groups at 24 h and strong staining for ll-1β, TNF-β, GPX and FGF-2 at 10 days. After 10 days of tooth bleaching, the bleached group showed a statistically superior amount of osteocalcin than the other groups (p<0.01).Conclusions:Tooth bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide causes severe pulp inflammation, but characteristics of tissue repair after 10 days.

Highlights

Material and methodsTooth bleaching has been widely used to correct tooth discoloration and producing a pleasing smile, since it is an effective and conservative approach to whiten stained teeth12
In-office bleaching requires the application of highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide (HP) on dental enamel, being a practical alternative to at-home bleaching treatment, with severe discoloration, poor patient compliance, and rapid results15
This was confirmed in our study because an inflammatory infiltrate with predominance of lymphocytes and the presence of necrotic areas were observed in the bleached group at 24 h

Summary

Introduction

Material and methodsTooth bleaching has been widely used to correct tooth discoloration and producing a pleasing smile, since it is an effective and conservative approach to whiten stained teeth. In-office or athome tooth bleaching approaches may be performed by dental professionals. In-office bleaching requires the application of highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide (HP) on dental enamel, being a practical alternative to at-home bleaching treatment, with severe discoloration, poor patient compliance, and rapid results. In-office bleaching requires the application of highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide (HP) on dental enamel, being a practical alternative to at-home bleaching treatment, with severe discoloration, poor patient compliance, and rapid results15 This method has been around for many years and remains popular because results can be seen after one appointment. In-office tooth bleaching may lead to side effects on dental tissues, such as pulp inflammation. HP can penetrate the pulp chamber, leading to reversible inflammatory reactions in the pulp tissues because of chemical irritation

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