In-Gel Assay to Evaluate Antioxidant Enzyme Response to Silver Nitrate and Silver Nanoparticles in Marine Bivalve Tissues

Candida Lorusso,Antonio Calisi,Francesco Dondero,Gianluca Sarà

doi:10.3390/app12062760

Candida Lorusso, Antonio Calisi + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/app12062760

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Abstract

Silver is back in vogue today as this metal is used in the form of nanomaterials in numerous commercial products. We have developed in-gel electrophoretic techniques to measure the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and used the same techniques in combination with HSP70 Western blot analysis to evaluate the effects of nanomolar amounts of silver nitrate and 5 nm alkane-coated silver nanoparticles in tissues of the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lam.) exposed for 28 days in mesocosms. Our results showed a negligible effect for nanosilver exposure and dose-dependent effects for the nitrate form.

Highlights

In the last century, the marine environment has been severely affected by pollution associated with heavy industrialization and enormous population growth
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We examined the change in HSP70 content via Western blot using a commercial anti-hsp70 antibody directed against a specific part of the inducible HSP70 gene of Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lam.)

Summary

Introduction

The marine environment has been severely affected by pollution associated with heavy industrialization and enormous population growth. Most of the world’s population lives near the coast and anthropogenic activities such as industry, urbanization, extensive agriculture, and tourism contribute to the pollution of the marine environment [1,2]. AgNPs are used in microelectronics due to their attractive properties such as high electrical and thermal conductivity, chemical stability, catalytic activity, and nonlinear optical behavior [20]. AgNPs originating from wastewater generated during their synthesis and/or use in consumer products, as well as during their recycling and disposal, can enter the aquatic environment via industrial and municipal wastewaters. Their presence in the marine environment is a potential source of stress [7]. Oxidative stress is an important component of the stress response of marine organisms exposed to impairments from a variety of pollutants [3,21,22]

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