Abstract
It is demonstrated that in this paper a peanut shaped structure cascaded with up-taper fiber structure can realize the inter mode interference between the Erbium doped fiber (EDF) core mode and cladding modes in fiber ring laser (FRL). A simple and inexpensive Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based on this structure is proposed. Shown from experimental results, the optical intensity of the core mode can be coupled into the cladding modes in the first peanut-shaped structure. Then, the light in the cladding modes can be recoupled into the core mode in the up-taper structure. A high-quality interference spectrum with a signal to noise ratio about 50 dB was observed. Besides, the structure exhibits good mechanical stability when compared to MZIs based on taper or offset structure. The temperature sensitivity of the FRL sensor is 301 pm/°C and the RI sensitivity is 156 nm/RIU. This kind of MZI will have potential applications in remote sensing technique and the development of life and health.
Highlights
In the last few decades, the development of optical fiberbased interferometers has shown prospective results with high resolution and relatively low cost [1]–[3]
We propose a new up-taper structure cascaded with a peanut structure based on Erbium doped fiber microspheres, which can realize the back-and-forth transformation of light intensity between the core mode and the cladding modes in the fiber ring laser (FRL)
In the designed FRL sensor, the effective refractive index (RI) of cladding modes and core mode is different resulting in differences between two structures
Summary
In the last few decades, the development of optical fiberbased interferometers has shown prospective results with high resolution and relatively low cost [1]–[3]. Different structures of optic fiber temperature sensors based on the peanut-shaped fiber [11], up-taper fiber [12], and the air-cavity fiber structure [13] have been successfully proposed to improve the temperature sensitivity. The peanut shaped and up-taper shaped structure temperature sensor has the sensitivity of 73pm/◦C and 43.2pm/◦C, respectively.
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