Abstract
The paper presents research materials on some hydrogen-containing volcanic glasses of Transcaucasia of acidic composition, concentrated in areas of late Tertiary-Quaternary volcanism, in particular, the central part of the Akhalkalaki plateau, within the Akhaltsikhe valley (Georgia). Studies of natural materials of perlite, obsidian and pechstein were carried out by geological, physico-chemical: petrography, chemical analysis, X-ray diffractometry, and IR spectroscopic methods. The work shows the genesis, structural features and prospects of using these minerals. It has been found that the chemical composition of the minerals studied is characterized by a different content of aluminum oxide Al2O3. It is shown that silicon oxide SiO2, which is a part of volcanic glasses, occurs in an amorphous state. Perlites of the studied deposits differ from each other both visually and in composition. The perlites of the Toloshi deposit are dark gray in color and the Paravani deposits are white. In the perlite spectra of the Tolosh deposit, the vibrational frequencies of both the intratetrahedral and in the intertetrahedral space of Si-O-Si (Al) indicate that silicon is replaced by aluminum to a lesser extent than in the perlite of the Paravan deposit. The prospects of using expanded volcanic glasses are also shown.
Highlights
Along with perlites, obsidian and pechstein are acidic volcanic glasses
The largest difference in the chemical composition of obsidian and perlite is in the percentages of water and phase
Petrographic analysis of the samples showed that the perlite of the Toloshi location is a rock with a dacite composition and structure, which is built of volcanic glass, where perlite spheroidal cracks, obtained as a result of depletion, are observed
Summary
The paper presents research materials on some hydrogen-containing volcanic glasses of Transcaucasia of acidic composition, concentrated in areas of late Tertiary-Quaternary volcanism, in particular, the central part of the Akhalkalaki plateau, within the Akhaltsikhe valley (Georgia). Studies of natural materials of perlite, obsidian and pechstein were carried out by geological, physico-chemical: petrography, chemical analysis, X-ray diffractometry, and IR spectroscopic methods. It has been found that the chemical composition of the minerals studied is characterized by a different content of aluminum oxide Al2O3. It is shown that silicon oxide SiO2, which is a part of volcanic glasses, occurs in an amorphous state. Perlites of the studied deposits differ from each other both visually and in composition. In the perlite spectra of the Tolosh deposit, the vibrational frequencies of both the intratetrahedral and in the intertetrahedral space of Si-O-Si (Al) indicate that silicon is replaced by aluminum to a lesser extent than in the perlite of the Paravan deposit. The prospects of using expanded volcanic glasses are shown
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