In dogs diagnosed with osteoarthritis, how safe and effective is long-term treatment with bedinvetmab in providing analgesia?

Statins for Improving Myocardial Perfusion in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Long-term nitroglycerin (NTG) treatment has been shown to be associated with cross-tolerance to endothelium-dependent vasodilators. It may involve increased production of reactive oxygen species (such as superoxide, O(2)(.-)) that rapidly inactivate the nitric oxide (NO) released from the endothelial cells. It remains to be elucidated, however, whether long-term treatment with NTG alters the activity and expression of the endothelial NO synthase (NOS III) and whether this enzyme can contribute to O(2)(.-) formation. We studied the influence of long-term NTG treatment on the expression of NOS III as assessed by RNase protection assay and Western blot. Tolerance was measured ex vivo in organ chamber experiments with rat aortic rings. O(2)(.-) and NO formation were quantified using lucigenin- and Cypridina luciferin analog-enhanced chemiluminescence as well as electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Treatment of Wistar rats with NTG (Alzet osmotic minipumps, NTG concentration 10 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) for 3 days caused marked tolerance, cross-tolerance to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine, and a significant increase in O(2)(.-)-induced chemiluminescence. Tolerance was associated with a significant increase in NOS III mRNA to 236+/-28% and NOS III protein to 239+/-17%. In control vessels, the NOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) increased the O(2)(.-)-mediated chemiluminescence, indicating that basal production of endothelium-derived NO depresses the baseline chemiluminescence signal. In the setting of tolerance, however, L-NNA decreased steady-state O(2)(.-) levels, indicating the involvement of NOS III in O(2)(.-) formation. Likewise, A23187-induced, NOS III-mediated O(2)(.-) production was more pronounced in tolerant than in control vessels. Vascular NO bioavailability as assessed with ESR spectroscopy using iron-thiocarbamate as a trap for NO was significantly reduced in tolerant vessels. Pretreatment of tolerant tissue in vitro with the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors reduced basal and stimulated NOS III-mediated O(2)(.-) production and partially reversed vascular tolerance. These findings suggest that NTG treatment increases the expression of a dysfunctional NOS III gene, leading to increased formation of O(2)(.-) and decreased vascular NO bioavailability. Normalization of NOS III-mediated O(2)(. -) production and improvement of tolerance with PKC inhibition suggests an important role for PKC isoforms in mediating vascular dysfunction caused by long-term NTG treatment.

Preventing Postnatal Cytomegalovirus Infection in the Preterm Infant: Should It Be Done, Can It Be Done, and at What Cost?

The Challenge of Sarcoidosis

Report of a Muscular Dystrophy Campaign funded workshop Birmingham, UK, January 16th 2004. Osteoporosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy; its prevalence, treatment and prevention

As Editor-in-chief I would like to thank all of our editors and reviewers for their continued support of the Veterinary Evidence journal and their diligence in meeting demanding timelines. Their knowledge, expertise and insights are duly acknowledged and highly valued. All reviewers who have taken the time to review for Veterinary Evidence are listed in the full text.In the coming year we hope to develop a new approach and construct for the recognition and delivery of important information needs. This will take the form of a condition specific decision support algorithm with links to Knowledge Summaries providing the best current evidence. We also intend to publish a series of papers from targeted invited authors to highlight important areas of evidence-based practice including patient safety, quality improvement, business and workplace learning. We have also launched a Knowledge Summary competition for students studying veterinary medicine, veterinary nursing and veterinary bio-science, so that we may engage with the next generation of practice professionals.I look forward to a challenging and innovative new year with your continued support.Thank you to all who have contributed.

As Editor-in-chief I would like to thank all of our editors and reviewers for their continued support of the Veterinary Evidence journal and their diligence in meeting demanding timelines. Their knowledge, expertise and insights are duly acknowledged and highly valued. All reviewers who have taken the time to review for Veterinary Evidence are listed in the full text.
 The Veterinary Evidence Editorial Board Meeting was held on November 8th. There were some important strategic initiatives discussed and some key action points defined. These included the implementation and promotion of the new format of the clinical bottom line, the implementation of a systematic approach for generating knowledge summary questions for important conditions, initiatives to increase the engagement and scope of topics submitted by veterinary nurses, commissioning of articles on work-placed based education and other key topics, the publication of consolidated annual lists of knowledge summaries identifying weak or no evidence to sign post areas requiring future research and the promotion of quality improvement and audit case studies. I look forward to realising these important initiatives in the coming year and acknowledge the support and dedication of everyone involved in the continued innovation and success of the Journal.

Hepatocellular transport and gastrointestinal absorption of lanthanum in chronic renal failure

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SES18.03 Bipolar personality dimensions and the choice of mood stabilizers in long-term treatment

Wed-P23 - A risperidone outcome guarantee project — Efficacy and quality of life of schizophrenic patients in long-term treatment with risperidone

SAT02.03 Quality of life issues in long-term treatment with antidepressants

S39.04 Prevention of suicides by long-term treatment with anti-depressants?

Over-Prescription of Acid-Suppressing Medications in Infants: How It Came About, Why It’s Wrong, and What to Do About It

Management of Premenstrual Syndrome: Green-top Guideline No. 48.