Abstract
Thermochemical materials K2CO3, MgCl2 and Na2S have been investigated in depth on energy density, power output and chemical stability in view of domestic heat storage application, presenting a critical assessment of potential chemical side reactions in an open and closed reactor concept. These materials were selected based on a recent review on all possible salt hydrates, within the frame of a thermochemical heat battery and considering recent advances in heat storage application. Judged by gravimetric and calorimetric experiments in operating conditions and worst-case-scenario conditions, K2CO3 is recommended for both an open and closed system heat battery. The compound is chemically robust with a material level energy density of 1.28 GJ/m3 in an open system and 0.95 GJ/m3 in a closed system, yielding a power output of 283–675 kW/m3. Na2S and MgCl2 on the other hand are chemically not robust in heat storage application, although having a higher energy density, output power and temperature in one cycle.
Highlights
Society’s progressive shift from carbon-based to renewable energy has led to new areas in energy research
Thermochemical materials K2CO3, MgCl2 and Na2S have been investigated in depth on energy density, power output and chemical stability in view of domestic heat storage application, presenting a critical assessment of potential chemical side reactions in an open and closed reactor concept
We present the first in-depth study of the thermochemical performance of highly relevant heat storage materials K2CO3, MgCl2 and Na2S, putting the chemical stability of the thermochemical materials to the test in an open and closed reactor environment
Summary
Society’s progressive shift from carbon-based to renewable energy has led to new areas in energy research. The first global conference on energy storage in Paris, 2014 concluded that harvesting, conversion and storage of solar energy is essential to achieve the European goal of an energy-neutral built environment in 2050. Because a significant part (around 70%) of the energy consumption in the European residential sector is related to domestic space heating and hot tap water [2,3] a heat battery technique in view of domestic heat consumption is highly desired. Given the societal urge for heat storage, the number of reviews on sensible, latent and thermochemical energy storage materials has increased in the past decades, funnelling towards application progressively [4,5,6,7,8]
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