Abstract
Plants have evolved a sophisticated network of K+ transport systems to regulate growth and development. Limited K+ resources are now forcing us to investigate how plant demand can be satisfied. To answer this complex question, we must understand the genomic and transcriptomic portfolio of K+ transporters in plants. Here, we have identified 70 putative K+ transporter genes from soybean, including 29 HAK/KT/KUP genes, 16 genes encoding voltage-gated K+ channels, 9 TPK/KCO genes, 4 HKT genes, and 12 KEA genes. To clarify the molecular evolution of each family in soybean, we analyzed their phylogeny, mode of duplication, exon structures and splice sites, and paralogs. Additionally, ortholog clustering and syntenic analysis across five other dicots further explored the evolution of these gene families and indicated that the soybean data is suitable as a model for all other legumes. Available microarray data sets from Genevestigator about nodulation was evaluated and further confirmed with the RNA sequencing data available by a web server. For each family, expression models were designed based on Transcripts Per Kilobase Million (TPM) values; the outcomes indicated differential expression linked to nodulation and confirmed the genes' putative roles. In-depth studies such as ours provides the basis for understanding K+ inventories in all other plants.
Highlights
Potassium (K+) is the most widespread inorganic cation in plant cells, constituting up to 10% of plant dry matter, and plants have evolved a sophisticated network of K+ transport systems over millions of years (Leigh and Wyn Jones, 1984)
We discovered that AKTC1, KAT1, AKT2/3, and Gated outward rectifying K+ channel (GORK)/Stelar K+ outward rectifier (SKOR) genes evolved from AKT1 genes around 7–10 mya, a recent gene duplication event in soybean
We proposed that Glyma5g08230.1 (AKT1), Glyma14g39330.1, and Glyma02g41040.1 (SKOR type) are involved in nodule development (Figure 6C)
Summary
Potassium (K+) is the most widespread inorganic cation in plant cells, constituting up to 10% of plant dry matter, and plants have evolved a sophisticated network of K+ transport systems over millions of years (Leigh and Wyn Jones, 1984). K+ resources have become limited, prompting an investigation of how to satisfy demand. This complex question can only be answered through understanding the genomic and transcriptomic portfolio of K+ transporters. Genomics and Transcriptomics Analysis of K+ Transporters molecular knowledge of K+ transporters is available mainly from a few model species. This limited view on the dynamic involvement of K+ in diverse physiological processes can be misleading, but the massive data volume analyzed in modern approaches potentially address the problem. We examined the transferability of our conclusions from model species to other plant species
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