Abstract
Distributed architecture offers many advantages compared to centralized architecture in terms of providing multimedia services. However, as a trade-off, distributed architecture requires that peers contribute a portion of their bandwidth and computational capacity to maintain the mutual overlay interconnection. This requirement develops into a serious problem for mobile users and wireless infrastructure, as the radio resource in this network is tremendously expensive, based on 3gpp (2005), and is one of the reasons why distributed architecture has not been widely applied in next-generation (4G) networks. It is also the main reason why multimedia services such as video conference have to rely on a costly centralized architecture built over an expensive media resource function controllers via the Internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS). This research work proposes a new distributed architecture utilizing intelligence and extra capacity, currently available on LTE and WiMAX base stations to reduce the required bit rates that each peer has to provide in order to maintain the overlay network. This reduction saves valuable radio resources and allows a distributed architecture to provide video conferencing services on 4G networks, with all the advantages of a distributed architecture such as flexibility, scalability, smaller delay, and lower cost. In addition, this can be implemented with a minimum modification of the standardized IMS platform and the 4G infrastructure, thereby saving the operators and service providers from excessive investments. A prototype has been built to prove the feasibility of the proposed architecture and evaluate its performances. The results show that our proposed distributed video conferencing service can actually reduce the average bandwidth required for data and signaling messages at wireless mobile terminals while maintaining the main operations of a video conference session.
Highlights
Video conferencing service is the most complex type of multimedia communication
A ‘rendezvous’ point in the overlay and the XeNodeBs are equipped with a session initiation protocol (SIP) interface so that the overlay can communicate with the xAS via the IMS application server and via P-call session control functions (CSCFs) (IMS) core
We constructed three evaluation scenarios run with different numbers of participants, in which four user equipment (UE) participate via the IMS core:
Summary
Video conferencing service is the most complex type of multimedia communication. There are two main types of video conferencing service architectures: centralized architecture using multipoint control units (MCU) and distributed architecture using a multicast mechanism. A peer-to-peer (P2P) VoIP client developed by KaZaa in 2003, has so far the most popular Internet-based video conferencing service. Spiers and Ventura [4] implemented Internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS)-based video conference systems with two different architectures, server-client and P2P, and measured their signaling and data traffic overhead. Their results showed that server-client offers better network control together with a reduction in signaling and media overhead, whereas P2P allows flexibility but at the expense of higher overhead. Users automatically connect to geographically close servers distributed on the Internet to have a low-latency experience [5]
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