IMRI for Clinical Gene Therapy

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging technology uses magnetic fields and radio waves to form an accurate image of the body. Further development led to the use of contrast agents for to measure biochemical changes in the organ by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magnetic resonance technology brought about revolutionary measures in the surgical and radiological fields with the advent of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (ioMRI). ioMRI is an advanced neurosurgical field, as it is a minimally invasive technique that provides accurate and precise real-time brain data. ioMRI precisely enables tumor resection assessment and delivery of therapeutic agents into the brain. Surgical suites with ioMRI units bear high set-up costs, and thus research for its probable applications is impeded. Recently, hybrid interventional MRI (iMRI) units have been developed as a feasible alternative to costly ioMRI-surgical suites. MRI produces high-contrast, high-resolution images from multiple image planes and carries minimal ionizing radiation risk. It provides an accurate diagnostic assessment of organ function and morphology. Thus, several efforts have been undertaken to diversify the technological applications of magnetic resonance technology with research targeting its applicability in monitoring gene administration, enhancing transfection and transduction of the gene, and tracking gene expression. This chapter summarizes the research and developmental efforts in the use of iMRI for clinical gene therapy.