Abstract
Non-magnetic impurities can lift the accidental degeneracy of unconventional pairing states, such as the $(d + i g)$-wave state recently proposed for Sr$_2$RuO$_4$. This type of effect would lead to a superconducting double transition upon impurity doping. In a model calculation it is shown how this behavior depends on material parameters and how it could be detected.
Highlights
The ideal proposal for the symmetry of the order parameter of an unconventional superconductor should have the ability to explain all its specific experimental signatures
Experiments using uniaxial strain did not observe the splitting of the phase transition expected for the chiral p-wave state in the measurement of specific heat [10], while muon-spin rotation results show the appearance of intrinsic magnetism indicating time-reversal symmetry breaking separate from the onset of superconductivity, consistent with chiral p-wave pairing [11]
The two pairing states would show a different suppression of their critical temperatures under disorder, which would cause a superconducting double transition
Summary
The ideal proposal for the symmetry of the order parameter of an unconventional superconductor should have the ability to explain all its specific experimental signatures. An alternative even-parity phase, which had been discussed in the past, is the chiral d-wave state, dzx + idyz, whose two components are degenerate analogous to those of the chiral pwave phase [13,16,17,18] This state involves interlayer pairing and has a symmetry-imposed horizontal line node at kz = 0, which would fit well with the interpretation of the magnetic field angle dependence of the specific heat by Kittaka et al [19]. Rather we would like to demonstrate how disorder affects the proposed (d + ig)-wave state and what generally expected properties could be For this purpose, we formulated a single-band model and apply the self-consistent T -matrix approximation in order to take the effect of impurity scattering on the superconducting phase into account. We examine the behavior of the two pairing channels, in particular, the splitting of their transition temperatures
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