Abstract
It is shown from an analysis of x-ray structural and IR spectroscopic studies that when impurity particles are introduced into liquid or solid helium, the clusters formed in the cold part of a gas jet have a pronounced spatial separation of impurities with different volatility. In particular, in the condensation of partially dissociated diatomic molecules the atoms are highly concentrated near and on the surface of the clusters. Segregation of this kind is preserved in the condensate in liquid helium, which consists of clusters stuck together into a porous structure; in solid helium clusters are isolated. The presence of high concentrations of atoms in the surface layer at the boundary with condensed helium explains the specifics of condensate behavior observed by methods of optical spectroscopy, ESR, and thermometry. An experimental strategy is developed for detecting the formation of an impurity–helium solid.
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