Abstract
A variational principle is used to evaluate the change in the condensate energy of an imperfect Bose gas arising from the introduction of stationary impurities. Moving impurities are incorporated by performing a Galilean transformation from a frame with bulk flow at infinity to one with asymptotically stationary fluid. The corresponding effective mass is calculated numerically and compared with that of He 3 impurities in He II. A generalization to charged impurities exhibits the anomalous flow pattern suggested by Gross and allows a model calculation of the effective mass of positive ions in He II.
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