Abstract
Impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) are aberrant behavior such as pathological gambling, hypersexuality, binge eating, and compulsive buying, which typically occur as a result of dopaminergic therapy. Numerous studies have focused on the broad spectrum of ICDs-related behaviors and their tremendous impact on patients and their family members. Recent advances have improved our understanding of ICDs. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of ICDs in the setting of PD.
Highlights
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder [1]
This review mainly focuses on the impulse control disorders (ICDs) in PD patients from the point of epidemiology, pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies
In studies using intertemporal choice task, investigators found that dopamine agonist use was associated with greater choice impulsivity in ICDs patients compared to PD
Summary
Chronic use of dopaminergic medications in PD is associated with motor and non-motor side effects such as dyskinesias, and impulse control disorders (ICDs) [2]. Punding is a term that was coined originally to describe complex prolonged, purposeless, and stereotyped behavior in chronic amphetamine users [12]. It shares similarities with addictive behavior and involves psychiatric symptoms relating to dopamine system [13]. Besides the classic ICDs symptoms there are many other ICDs-related behavioral problems including reckless driving [14], impulsive smoking [15], compulsive singing [11], tattooing [16], stealing [17], pet killing [18], and zoophilia [19] (Table 1). This review mainly focuses on the ICDs in PD patients from the point of epidemiology, pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies
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