Abstract
Introduction. Modern digital phased array antenna (DPAA) systems incorporate a large number of identical transceiver modules (TMs). These modules require real-time calibration with a high level of accuracy. In a previous work, we proposed a real-time calibration method for all receiver channels, which is based on the use of a calibration signal (CalSig) of the same frequency spectrum as the reflected signal and modulated in phase and amplitude by BPSK and OOK codes, respectively. This method was found to have a number of advantages over conventional approaches. However, the use of the same CalSig sample for all receiving channels increases the noise power gain at the output of a digital beam-forming unit (DBU). To overcome this limitation, we set out to improve the structure of CalSigs by making them pseudo-orthogonal. As a result, the noise power gain at the DBU output can be significantly reduced compared to that obtained in our previous work.Aim. To propose an improved design of a controlled amplitude modulation code OOK generator, which allows creation of pseudo-orthogonal CalSigs. As a result, the noise power gain at the output will increase insignificantly, thus having no negative effect on the quality of digital beam forming, signal processing and calibration.Materials and methods. Theory of system engineering and technology; theory of digital signal processing; system analysis; mathematical modeling.Results. An improved CalSig for calibrating the receiving channels of TMs was obtained. A structural diagram allowing the formation of pseudo-orthogonal CalSigs was synthesized.Conclusions. We proposed a new approach to improving the structure of signals used for real-time calibrating the DPAA receiving channels. A structural diagram of an amplitude-modulated OOK code generator for pseudo-orthogonal CalSigs was developed.
Highlights
Modern digital phased array antenna (DPAA) systems incorporate a large number of identical transceiver modules (TMs)
The method of real-time internal calibration of all receiver channels in digital phased antenna array (DPAA) systems is widely applied [1,2,3,4,5,6] for ensuring accuracy when forming a digital beam
Let PDBU be the gain of noise power at the digital beam-forming unit (DBU) output, the calibration signal (CalSig) have a peak amplitude level taken as the normalized internal noise level of "1", and the amplitude modulation by OOK code with the duty cycle D
Summary
The method of real-time internal calibration of all receiver channels in digital phased antenna array (DPAA) systems is widely applied [1,2,3,4,5,6] for ensuring accuracy when forming a digital beam. To ensure the required quality of digital beamforming and reflected signal processing, the receiving channels of TMs should undergo real-time calibration during operation. In comparison with conventional TM models, this scheme contains additional elements (marked yellow) in the receiving channel for calibration. The CalSig structure is a signal that has the same frequency spectrum as the reflected signal, modulated in phase and amplitude according to BPSK and OOK codes and having a peak power equivalent to the internal noise
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