Abstract
We prepared 1% Bi- and (0, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) Sb- co-doped MAPbBr3 films by a sol-gel spin coating technique. For the first time, the detailed structural properties including grain size, dislocation line density, d-spacing, lattice parameters, and volume of co-doped MAPbBr3 films have been investigated. XRD confirmed the cubic structure of MAPbBr3 with high crystallinity and co-doping of Bi and Sb. The 1% Bi and 1% Sb co-doping have a surprising effect in MAPbBr3 structures, such as large grain size (59.5 nm), d-space value (6.23 Å), small dislocation line dislocation (2.79 × 1018 m−2), and small lattice parameters (a = b = c = 6.3 Å) and volume of unit cell. The detailed optical properties, including energy band gap (Eg), refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k) and dielectric constant (Ɛ), which are very important for optoelectronics applications, were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The film of 1% Bi and 1% Sb co-doped MAPbBr3 showed good optical response including small Eg, high n, low value of k, high real and low imaginary parts of dielectric constant, making it good for solar cell applications. Solar cells were fabricated from these films. The cell fabricated with pure MAPbBr3 has Jsc of 8.72 mA cm−2, FF of 0.66, Voc of 1.29 V, and η of 7.5%. All the parameters increased by co-doping of Bi and Sb in MAPbBr3 film. The cell fabricated with 1% Bi and 1% Sb co-doped MAPbBr3 film had high current density (12.12 mA-cm−2), open circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (0.73), and high efficiency (11.6%). This efficiency was 65% larger than a pure MAPbBr3-based solar cell.
Highlights
In recent years, energy shortages are the primary problem hindering global development and peace, and have become a focus of concern around the world [1]
That strongly agrees with a previous study of cubic MAPbBr3 single crystals [17]
When 1% Bi is doped in MAPbBr3 film, the observed peaks at 2θ values are
Summary
Energy shortages are the primary problem hindering global development and peace, and have become a focus of concern around the world [1]. Researchers are looking for other low-cost and efficient solar cells like dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs), perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and full organic PV (OPV) solar cells. As hybrid organic inorganic methylammonium lead (MAPb) halides in a perovskite crystal structure are identified as a potential material for solar cells, it will take around a decade to produce these. Their highest recorded efficiency for a small area cell is 25.5% [2]. Among them, doping is found to be good for improving the efficiency and stability of the cell It tunes the band gap and increases the electrical properties of perovskite material. Jun Yin et al [10] reported that doping of Bi3+ ions into CsPbBr3 perovskite reduces the photoluminisence quantum yield from
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