Improving the Properties of Degraded Soils from Industrial Areas by Using Livestock Waste with Calcium Peroxide as a Green Oxidizer.

Angelika Więckol-Ryk,Maciej Thomas,Barbara Białecka

doi:10.3390/ma14113132

Abstract

Over the past years, the treatment and use of livestock waste has posed a significant problem in environmental engineering. This paper outlines a new approach to application of calcium peroxide (CaO2) as a green oxidizer and microbiocidal agent in the treatment of poultry manure. It also presents the application of pretreated waste in improvement of degraded soils in industrial areas. The CCD (Central Composite Design) and RSM (Response Surface Methodology) were employed for optimizing the process parameters (CaO2 concentration 1.6–8.4 wt %, temperature 5.2–38.8 °C and contact time 7–209 h). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the experimental results, which indicated good fit of the approximated to the experimental data (R2 = 0.8901, R2adj = 0.8168). The amendment of CaO2 in optimal conditions (8 wt % of CaO2, temperature 22 °C and contact time 108 h) caused a decrease in bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) in poultry manure from 8.7 log10 CFU/g to the acceptable level of 3 log10 CFU/g. The application of pretreated livestock waste on degraded soils and the studies on germination and growth of grass seed mixture (Lollum perenne—Naki, Lollum perenne—Grilla, Poa pratensis—Oxford, Festuca rubbra—Relevant, Festuca rubbra—Adio and Festuca trachypylla—Fornito) showed that a dose of 0.08 g of CaO2 per 1 gram of poultry manure induced higher yield of grass plants. The calculated indicators for growth of roots (GFR) and shoots (GFS) in soils treated with poultry manure were 10–20% lower compared to soils with amended CaO2. The evidence from this study suggests that CaO2 could be used as an environmentally friendly oxidizer and microbiocidal agent for livestock waste.

Highlights

Land degradation caused by industrial activity represents a serious environmental problem that affects the formation of degraded areas
The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the amendment of CaO2 -treated poultry manure (PM) on the growth of plants in degraded soils from industrial areas
Was applied after optimizing the parameters of inactivation process as a sufficient dose of microbiocidal agent in ambient temperature 22 ◦C The control soils and the following mixtures of soils and livestock waste, before and after treatment with microbiocidal agent were used in this research: soils with poultry manure (PM) in ratio 100:1 (S1 + 1% PM and S2 + 1% PM), soils with poultry manure in ratio 200:1

Summary

Introduction

Land degradation caused by industrial activity represents a serious environmental problem that affects the formation of degraded areas. Rehabilitation of these lands using organic waste products [1,2,3] enriches the soils with organic carbon, improving soil structure and its physiochemical properties. The high content of organic matter [6], valuable nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and other essential elements make this waste suitable for improving the properties of affected soils [7] Poultry waste contains both organic and inorganic forms of nutrients in their not available or bioavailable forms, the latter being suitable for plant growth and development. The composition of raw PM varies with the bird species, their age, diet (feed, ruminants and animal drugs) and the management of the waste product [8]

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