Abstract
The most efficient gene delivery systems harness the mechanisms evolved by viruses to facilitate replication and viral gene expression. The lentiviral vectors represent a new transgene delivery system, which holds great promise because of its ability to stably transduce nondividing cells. To develop the next generation of these vectors it is essential to increase biosafety and optimize the efficiency of transgene expression. Elements derived from other viruses are presently being utilized to accomplish these goals. RNA export elements derived from a simple retrovirus can be used in place of Rev to export intron containing genomic RNA into the cytoplasm for packaging into assembling virions. Further, an element derived from a hepadnavirus can significantly stimulate the expression of transgenes. These advances can greatly increase the potential utilization of lentiviral vectors in a clinical setting.
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